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English; French; Portuguese

Varied (see above)

Activities of the LMD programme focus on supporting journalists and media managers (including those working for community radio stations), improving the government's information services to provide more balanced and accurate information to the public, and developing a more enabling media regulatory environment. Specifically:

• Journalism training and in-house mentoring has focused on improving the quality of reporting on national issues such as elections, public financing, government transparency, and accountability. Journalists were, for example, trained to report on County Social Development Fund (CSDF) stories and corresponding legislative reform to improve citizen engagement in the allocation of funds and to improve transparency and accountability in the implementation of CSDF-funded projects. Training also included business management mentoring and training to media outlets to develop alternative revenue streams and sustainable business models.
• Twenty-one community radio stations in all 15 counties of Liberia received capacity-building interventions, business management training, and station upgrades - with the goal of supporting effective, balanced coverage of the 2017 elections and other important local and national issues.
• The Ganta Media Resource Center (MRC) was established by the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) to offer computer and internet access and training to journalists and young people from rural Liberia. Training was also offered in basic information and communication technology (ICT) skills and more advanced journalism production.
• Through the project, Geopoll conducted Annual Media Ratings Surveys to enable media and business to better understand the audience reach of local media so as to increase advertising income and improved media viability. A Media Market Forum was also established to circulate the audience rating data.
• Liberia's FOI act was strengthened by training government information officers and journalists to use the legislation as a tool in their investigative reporting.
• To improve access to information, the project launched the Center for Transparency and Accountability in Liberia (CENTAL) online budget portal to enable journalists and citizens access to government budget information.
• An online platform, Local Voices Liberia, was established to increase content sharing between rural journalists and rural media outlets across the nation, enhancing the representation of rural citizens and communities in national dialogue.
• The Business of Online Media was established to enable media agencies to transition to online media platforms sustainably ahead of the exponential growth of internet access through smartphones across Liberia in the wake of Liberia's growing telecommunications sector.

A number of activities have focused on creating an enabling media regulatory environment:

• With LMD support, the Press Union of Liberia (PUL) revised the Journalist Code of Conduct, which includes special conduct requirements for the press during the elections and outlines the actions journalists need to take to conduct themselves in an ethical manner.
• The National Media Council was established to improve the mediation of disputes. They received technical advice and training together with other key stakeholders, including the legal fraternity, to enforce the PUL Code of Conduct and to mitigate intractable disputes arising during and after the election period and when reporting on corruption and government accountability.
• Media law moot court activities were delivered through support to the bar association and Law School of Liberia. Support included the development of a curriculum and the training of a team of students to represent Liberia in the Oxford Price Regional Moot Court Competition in South Africa. Two media law moot courts were performed by newly trained Liberian lawyers at the annual bar association retreats in 2016 and 2017, the latter being broadcast on KMTV and watched by over 6,000 people.
• Media law reform advocacy was also undertaken through conferences, training, professional mentoring, technical advice, meetings, and high-level engagement. For example, the decriminalisation of defamation was introduced through revisions in the criminal code through an act in Parliament that was passed in the lower house in 2018.

Media Development, Democracy and Governance

Much of the work of the LMD has focused around the elections in 2017 and 2020, and some of the evidence of the project's reach and impact is related to those experiences. For example, in the lead-up to the 2017 elections, the project supported election media debates and journalism reporting on elections in order to increase citizen engagement. LMD conducted journalism training, developed codes of practice, established community media forums, and organised lower house elections media debates. In total, 126 media election debates were staged in partnership with 50 media agencies in all 73 districts, with 584 candidates attending. CSDF accountability at a local level was also foregrounded in these nationwide debates by including this issue as the first question to all candidates. The debates were broadcast on 43 radio stations, and 25% of eligible voters listened to the debates. A Harvard study and Internews focus group research found a significant increase in voter engagement, trust, and turnout on election day as an outcome of the debates. Six percent of listeners reported changing their voting preference as a result of information gleaned from debates. Internews also developed an elections handbook to guide editors, publishers, and reporters to prepare for the coverage of elections in 2020 (see Related Summaries, below).

The project worked to increase citizens' engagement around the County Integrated Development Plans (CIDPs), which are developed every 5 years to define the development areas, goals, and budget lines for each county. According to the Kenyan Constitution, the development measures set out in these documents should reflect the priorities of the citizens based on participatory processes in which citizens are consulted.

However, the results of research conducted by the pilot project confirmed what had already been shown in supra-regional research: The concerns of citizens were not reflected in the measures that have been decided upon in the CIDPs. The majority of the population were not informed that so-called citizens' forums were taking place in which the plans were to be presented and discussed. The CIDPs were also not accessible two weeks prior to the forumns, as prescribed. The time frame for the forums was extremely limited and left little room for dialogue and participation. In addition, the use of technocratic language and the complexity of the budgetary procedures were largely incomprehensible to those present, so that authentic and critical involvement by citizens was hardly possible. The research concluded that the "open government - open data" approach propagated by the government is being inadequately implemented. Accountability is largely neglected by county governments, and transparency is not established with regard to either the planned or the implemented development projects.

In order to address these shortfalls, the project engaged local media, which are considered best placed to promote participation in debates and to discuss the management of public affairs, as they have the most immediate and direct access to people, especially in rural communities. To achieve its objectives, the project had 2 key components:

• Research - The project undertook research in all 8 counties to identify current community participation levels in government, as well as the main issues that communities wanted to have addressed. Based on this research, the project produced fact sheets [PDF] (example in link is for Nairobi county only) for each county, which were distributed to the radio stations in that country. Each fact sheet included information on the development priorities that were identified by citizens in the research, as well as the budget breakdown as per the county CIDP.
• Training and information to community media and theatre groups - Radio stations and theatre groups in each county received training that covered topics such as the CIPD process, the mandate and role of public officials, budget cycles, processes of public participation, and the importance of mobilising communities to attend public county forums. Over the course of the project, these topics were addressed in 42 radio productions and 24 theatre plays. In addition, community media were supported with county-specific background materials (including the fact sheets mentioned above, posters, and county brochures), as well as tailor-made media content development trainings and productions at county level. In particular, training was given to radio talk show hosts who were in the best position to highlight issues related to the CIDP process in their programming. All programming was also packaged in different languages to ensure maximum participation, especially of rural communities.

Democracy and Governance, Media Development

According to KCOMNET, the project has shown positive results in increasing civic participation, awareness, and transparency around how local government budgets are spent. The participation of citizens in public forums at county level was increased by an average of 50%, and weaknesses in the information policy of district governments were revealed.

Going forward, the project identified a need for more well-researched development-related programming, more "stories behind the data", and the need to fact-check the truth behind statements made by officials being interviewed. In response to this, CAMECO has developed, in cooperation with the radio network and Code for Africa (CfA), a follow-up project, which is planned from October 2020 until the end of 2023. The new project, "Our County - Our Responsibility: Telling Data Stories - Revealing Citizen's Realities", includes training schemes (e.g., in research techniques, data journalism, and solution-oriented reporting) and the design of an information technology (IT)-based online tool (County Data Information System - CDIS), whose purpose will be to create data transparency for the development schemes of county governments.

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